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There are many autosomal recessive single gene genetic disorders that differ in frequency between different populations due to the region and ancestry as well as the founder effect. Some examples of these disorders include:
- Cystic fibrosis, the most common life-limiting autosomal recessive disease among people of Northern European heritage
- Sickle-cell anemia, most prevalent in populations with sub-Saharan African ancestry but also common among Latin-American, Middle Eastern populations, as well as those people of South European regions such as Turkey, Greece, and Italy
- Thalassemia, most prevalent in populations having Mediterranean ancestry, to the point that the disease's name is derived from Greek thalassa, "sea"
- Tay–Sachs disease, an autosomal recessive disorder most common among Ashkenazi Jews, French Canadians of Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean, Cajuns of Louisiana and Old Order Amish of Pennsylvania
- Hereditary hemochromatosis, most common among persons having Northern European ancestry, in particular those people of Celtic descent
- Hermansky–Pudlak syndrome, most common among Puerto Ricans
- Finnish heritage diseases, autosomal recessive diseases that are far more common among Finns