Cuban genetics

[Latinus]

We carried out an admixture analysis of a sample comprising 1,019 individuals from all the provinces of Cuba.

We used a panel of 128 autosomal Ancestry Informative Markers (AIMs) to estimate the admixture proportions.

We also characterized a number of haplogroup diagnostic markers in the mtDNA and Y-chromosome in order to evaluate admixture using uniparental markers. Finally, we analyzed the association of 16 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with quantitative estimates of skin pigmentation.

In the total sample, the average European, African and Native American contributions as estimated from autosomal AIMs were 72%, 20% and 8%, respectively. The Eastern provinces of Cuba showed relatively higher African and Native American contributions than the Western provinces.

In particular, the highest proportion of African ancestry was observed in the provinces of Guantánamo (40%) and Santiago de Cuba (39%), and the highest proportion of Native American ancestry in Granma (15%), Holguín (12%) and Las Tunas (12%).

We found evidence of substantial population stratification in the current Cuban population, emphasizing the need to control for the effects of population stratification in association studies including individuals from Cuba.

The results of the analyses of uniparental markers were concordant with those observed in the autosomes. These geographic patterns in admixture proportions are fully consistent with historical and archaeological information.

Additionally, we identified a sex-biased pattern in the process of gene flow, with a substantially higher European contribution from the paternal side, and higher Native American and African contributions from the maternal side.

This sex-biased contribution was particularly evident for Native American ancestry. Finally, we observed that SNPs located in the genes SLC24A5 and SLC45A2 are strongly associated with melanin levels in the sample.

Cuba: Exploring the History of Admixture and the Genetic Basis of Pigmentation Using Autosomal and Uniparental Markers

Author Summary Cuba is the largest island of the Greater Antilles and its most populous country. The post-Columbian history of the Caribbean has been marked by the encounter of people from different continents. Here, we present an admixture analysis of 1,019 individuals from all the provinces of...

journals.plos.org

Cuba is the most populated country in the Caribbean and has a rich and heterogeneous genetic heritage.

Here, we take advantage of dense genomic data from 860 Cuban individuals to reconstruct the genetic structure and ancestral origins of this population.

We found distinct admixture patterns between and within the Cuban provinces.

Eastern provinces have higher African and Native American ancestry contributions (average 26% and 10%, respectively) than the rest of the Cuban provinces (average 17% and 5%, respectively).

Furthermore, in the Eastern Cuban region, we identified more intense sex-specific admixture patterns, strongly biased towards European male and African/Native American female ancestries.

Our subcontinental ancestry analyses in Cuba highlight the Iberian population as the best proxy European source population, South American and Mesoamerican populations as the closest Native American ancestral component, and populations from West Central and Central Africa as the best proxy sources of the African ancestral component.

Finally, we found complex admixture processes involving two migration pulses from both Native American and African sources.

Most of the inferred Native American admixture events happened early during the Cuban colonial period, whereas the African admixture took place during the slave trade and more recently as a probable result of large-scale migrations from Haiti.

Exploring Cuba’s population structure and demographic history using genome-wide data - Scientific Reports

Cuba is the most populated country in the Caribbean and has a rich and heterogeneous genetic heritage. Here, we take advantage of dense genomic data from 860 Cuban individuals to reconstruct the genetic structure and ancestral origins of this population. We found distinct admixture patterns...

www.nature.com

 

[Carlito's Way]

I wonder what was the socio-economic % in that study, because there is such thing as rich Cubans despite the myth that everyone in Cuba is poor when that is not the case

 

[Dominicanese]

cuba is euro af